Selenium may be a crucial component in producing healthier meat and lowering animal cholesterol levels, according to researchers at the University of São Paulo (USP) in Brazil. The study aimed to determine the effects of canola oil as a fat source when combined with the antioxidants vitamin E and selenium, as well as determine the metabolic lipid oxidation and nutritional value of the beef. The resulting product was meat enriched with vitamin E and selenium, with lower levels of cholesterol.
 
Selenium, an essential nutrient for animals and people, is a powerful antioxidant and plays a critical role in metabolism, reproductive health and the body’s natural defense system. The organic selenium used in the USP study was Sel-Plex, from Alltech (Lexington, KY), a natural source of selenium-enriched yeasts with higher bioavailability than inorganic sources. Sel-Plex is the only FDA reviewed and the first EU approved form of organic selenium for all animal species.
 
In the first part of the study, 48 Nellore bulls were divided into four groups with and without additional supplemental selenium, vitamin E and canola oil. The second phase aimed to provide selenium-enriched meat to a group of elderly people.
 
“We supplemented the diet of animals with 2.5 mg of organic selenium per cow per day for a period of three months during fattening and found that in addition to increasing the amount of selenium in the blood of animals, the mineral content in the meat produced was six times greater than meat from beef cattle that have not had the supplemented diet,” said Dr. Marcus Antonio Zanetti,  lead researcher of the School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP. According to Dr. Zanetti, the cholesterol level in the blood and meat of the animals that were fed the selenium-enriched diet was also reduced significantly.
 
In the second phase of the research, to assess the effects of meat supplemented with selenium on lowering cholesterol in human blood, the researchers conducted a study in a nursing care facility in São Paulo. For periods up to 90 days, the cattle meat supplemented with selenium and vitamin E was included in the meals of 80 elderly people in different variations on the menu. The special diet was coordinated by a registered dietician for the project. After 45 days, a blood test analysis for the group showed an increase in the amount of selenium in the blood plasma.
 
Dr. Zanetti emphasized that the results of cholesterol rates are not yet completed, however, he said that “through this research, we have seen an increase in the availability of vitamin E and selenium in the blood of the group that ate the meat.”
 
According to nutritionists, selenium is considered an important antioxidant mineral that prevents the formation of free radicals, enhances immunity and thus helps fight infections in humans. Despite its benefits, many people are still deficient in selenium in their daily diet. According to the faculty of pharmaceutical sciences, USP, selenium levels are low in the Brazilian diet due to the country’s mineral deficient soil.
 
Dr. Zanetti believes that the development of supplemented products can help improve human nutrition. “The daily consumption of 200 grams (7 ounces) of meat supplemented with selenium is able to provide the recommended mineral [50 micrograms] daily intake,” he said.
 
 
In a previous trial, Dr. Zanetti and other researchers supplemented the diet of cows with sunflower oil, organic selenium and vitamin E to increase the mineral availability in milk produced by the animals. The diet supplemented with milk was offered to a group of children in first through fourth grade. The research results showed the additional improvement in the quality and preservation of enriched milk by increasing levels of selenium and vitamin E in the blood of the children. 
 
 
“This is pioneering research on selenium enriched milk and meat that links animal feed and nutrition to human health,” Dr. Zanetti said. “In the world, there has only been basic investigation into this, but nothing as extensive as our studies.”